Baby bmw m47 review. 0 automatic with around 220. 3K members Aug 4, 2024 · 3 Series e46 2004 sedan (320d - 150hp) M47. Bit of a blow really trying to get goodwill on this repair as bmw are aware of a fault withs the cranks on vehicles from 57 to 09,They also say i need new am sprocets new oil pump new fuel pump and all the timing chains and guilds which i new it neaded them. Sort by Oldest first Baby BMW Forum. Mar 12, 2019 · The gdpr cookie is for setting your cookie preference and consent. (2004 - 2006) Baby BMW Forum. I've worked it does it worse if I use any other fuel than BP ultimate diesel if I use shell's better diesel it does it worse and if I use normal diesel it's horrendous so I stick to bp ultimate and it only does it occasionally. Replaced all 6 glow plugs and the controller on my dad's 5 series E61 about 2 months ago before the worst of the cold weather set in. it currently does 0-60 in about 17 seconds, which is my main indicator that something is off. Since then it's had oil changes every 10-12k, mostly motoway miles. 4M posts 48K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW Nov 1, 2021 · Does anyone have service manual for m47 engine that goes in 120d/e90, need to see how to reinstall oil pump, does it have some specific way of installing, asking because of balancing shafts Jul 16, 2013 · Im considering making the jump from Audi to BMW as a one series is appealing to me! Having had all audi and vw for ten years, My knolwedge of bmw is relatively poor and Im sure Ill have a ton of questions! Anyhow, Im looking at 118 or 120 sport / m sport, around the 2005-2007 mark. Best thing you will ever do. Any info be great thanks. 1. 3M posts The BMW N47 is a four-cylinder common rail diesel engine that outperforms its predecessor, the M47. 1st Gen. The main downside was the screens all being small, low res and not very responsive. And what do owners recommend for mileage between oil changes. BMW gradually adopted high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems over the lifetime of the M47. Bought a new belt but the one on car looks fine. #1 · Jul 1, 2021. Oct 23, 2023 · What Are The Common BMW M47 Engine Problems? Common problems with this engine include vacuum leaks, failed injectors, failed turbocharger, problems with the VP44 fuel pump on the older non-common rail model, EGR failures, and crank pulley failures. 0L turbo-diesel inline-4 engine powering a wide range of BMW diesel models, from the 1 Series to the X5. Production began in March 1998 in Steyr . 11657795497) Now I have:-BMW Performance Intercooler-Downpipe-Sachs competition clutch kit-CDV Performance-Bilstein B16 Mar 14, 2015 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. Save Share Baby BMW Forum. I'm sure someone in the know will clarify this. If you bought from BMW I am guessing there auc warranty would cover any timing chain issues you may encounter. The BMW M47 and Rover Group M47R are straight-4 Diesel engines. Pretty sure it doesn't need sump removal either. Jun 27, 2017 · 120d 2005 m47. Dec 2, 2017 · Change them for 4 new ones and do the glow plug controller while you are at it. The exact production week is not known and was probably later than Production Week 33 in 2001 (e. g. M47D20. 4M posts Nov 24, 2013 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. 4M posts 48. Oct 25, 2020 · The reviews I read for Dynavin N7 systems (they're all the same internally) were generally very good and the internal preamp was more than 2x as powerful OEM Pro HU off the top of my head. Come join The BMW M47 was a family of 2. They were built in Austria I think whereas the engines most prone to valve stem oil seal failure were made near Birmingham. 2K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts Jun 23, 2014 · M47 odd engine idle noise - 120d. Save Share. 2K members Since 2004 A forum Nov 2, 2015 · If you go for a 59 plate or newer then according to bmw you should be fine ,can still get noisy but shouldn't snap,and they are doing remedial work on the 07/08 cars so if the work has been done again should be fine, I have had my car almost 3 years and still enjoy driving it so have no plans on selling unless something expensive goes wrong on it, it may be full on hairdresser spec but when Dec 18, 2020 · Old ones : E87 M47, E88 N43, E84 N47. Jump to Latest 120d m47 oil leak. Feb 9, 2021 · I have a 2005 M47 2. Gone (East), but apparently not forgotten. This took some finding as the majority of them have the wrong manifold to suit the m47. Except that last night engine light came on with code P3263 . 1 Series (2004-2013 | E81, E82, E87, E88) 120d m47 oil leak. Oct 21, 2015 · My 320d (M47-163bhp) does this aswell :| I've had swirl flaps removed, EGR cleaned out and it's recently had a new turbo fitted. . Come join the discussion about Nov 24, 2012 · The biturbo engine is the n47 as you thought, and the m47 single turbo engine is fitted to the older D3's, I think the biturbo engine was used towards the end of 2007. Jul 31, 2018 · E87 118d, stock, plus PDC control unit drain, Parrot, debadged, Mothercare baby shades (but no babies), and occassionally a good layer of wax. 1K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to Mar 17, 2019 · Hi, sorry for reopen this thread. Jump to Latest 2K views 7 replies 2 participants Baby BMW Forum. 5 minutes of work Baby BMW Forum. Tags 2004 320d e46 m47 sedan. This model has the correct flange to bolt straight onto the standard cast manifold that's already fitted and actuator just plugs straight in as well. Come join the Feb 4, 2021 · I am looking for some advice on my bmw 120d e87 2005 (m47 engine) at 93k miles. 3K members Since 2004 A forum community Aug 16, 2013 · BMW switched from using garrett turbos to using mitsubishi turbos in 2006, so ensure that if you are buying new, you source the correct one for you car. 0-litre turbo-diesel engines that were available from 1999 to 2007. 3M posts Dec 19, 2017 · Leaking high pressure pump M47 engine. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less May 15, 2018 · M47 power loss. I've checked the tension and I can move the belt about an inch. Try to work out how much material you removed and then consider thicker copper washers. Apr 14, 2024 · New and fully refurbished BMW Ecus and Cas units BMW Keys made and cut same day Correction of Engine ECUs Cas and key fitted to your car (when a key set from a different car has been used) Digital Service Records rest and corrections in idrive screen on 2013 onwards cars DPF repairs fixed without the need of removal 0208 561 1818 07831 103030 Hayes Aug 12, 2012 · Funnily enough, the old "bog roll" type fitted in the M47 was almost-certainly more effective in terms of removing oil droplets, but sadly was rather prone to clogging. It's pain in the ass. Regret selling both tbh, but life goes on. May 7, 2018 · B) Does anyone have any recommendations for the best place to source a turbo if it is in need of replacement. Thank you. Throughout the M47's existence, BMW increasingly introduced high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems. 130i le m sport. 4K members Sep 15, 2017 · Baby BMW Forum. Could it be as simple as the standard air filter isn't providing enough mixture? Help! Nov 16, 2020 · My M47 suffered 2 dead glow plugs, and that was 8 years ago! Lots of Plus Gas is the way, start repeatidly spraying a couple of days before you attempt removal. I have an e87 120d m47 preface 2007. 0 diesel when released 04 Honda S2000 most powerful 2. 7K members Since 2004 A forum community Oct 31, 2017 · Bmw e87 118d 2006 m47 engine glow plug relay unit location Jump to Latest 5K views 4 replies 3 participants last post by YLS Oct 31, 2017 Apr 22, 2019 · The car is a 2005 E87 with M47 Engine and has done an impressive 170k and apart from this fault and the slight loss of acceleration (that I'm guessing is connected Both engines are BMW’s diesel workhorses and power a wide range of vehicles from the compact X1 to the 5 Series. Jul 10, 2018 · It's a 2006 120d with M47 engine, as far as I know! Thanks. 8K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW May 16, 2016 · You could buy a slightly older 120d with the tough M47 engine and avoid the riskand the DPF. Someone face the same issue and knows what is that Jul 7, 2020 · - BMW 120D 2005 E87 M47 - (My First BMW!) Save Share. I've had it for 4 years/50k miles. 0-liter diesel engine BMW M47, and later M47TU, was produced from 1998 to 2007 and installed in the most popular models of the company, such as 1-Series, 3-Series, 5-Series, and X3. My son has just bought a nice tidy 320d with the M47 engine, 140k miles with fsh. I owned one of these. The BMW M47 was a family of 2. BMW M47 engine. 3M posts Jun 17, 2014 · Hi guys, I'm Christophe a french 1 series driver. Variants were manufactured by BMW from 1998 to 2007. On a morning the belt squeels until warm. The later N43/N45/N46 petrol and bigger V8s suffer from them failing, but not the good old M47/M57 diesels. Oct 22, 2016 · I have a 120d N47 2007 (57) very good economy on motorways 55-60mpg and local 35-40 the only problem is the timing chain excellet car sh*t build only 88k on the clock and timing chain guide broke on me was quoted £2000 to fix but a local BMW tech charged me £450 to replace it also £100 for the full timing chain kit Very Good Car just make sure you dont here no ticking noises Jul 13, 2016 · Pre-FL so no dpf. 0 petrol when released E87 M sport-118D 09 Dec 2, 2018 · If it does you'll end up with a non-flat surface. Jun 7, 2016 · I'm about to buy a 2006 (06 plate) 320d touring (109K miles on it, but full BMWSH). Jun 14, 2021 · I finally got my code reader to communicate properly with my 2005 120d auto (M47 engine), and the cars intermittent lack of power (and therefore reluctance to change down gears) seemed to be a problem with the turbo actuator. 000 kms, I was just wondering, what is the highest mileage on this forum with this automatic transmission without transmission repairs? (I believe it's a ZF-6 type transmission. Car suddenly died while idling/driving low speed. Jump to Latest Baby BMW Forum. Jul 12, 2013 · Really have been pondering this for a while, I have a 2008 58 plate e87 74k, the timing chain issue is really getting to me, i haven't got a bmw warranty and have a second hand car warranty which wont cover such an issue, recently my car has been making that "chugging" noise up the revs, im looking on Autotrader at 2006 M Sport m47 120d's, albeit with 120K on but full bmw service history . 8″ dimensions give you an immediate sense of its heft and durability. It has thrown up the code 444c which translates as: "444C Injector Cylinder 4 - Earth Side Activation or Open Circuit " Jan 16, 2015 · 120d m47 oil breather. It's worth bearing in mind that ISTA/P is for programming, not 'coding' in the forum sense; if you want that kind of thing, NCSExpert is the genuine BMW tool that does it but Bimmercode is much more user friendly. May 27, 2017 · M47 is a great engine just depends on what type of driving you do. The first two cookies contain information about the cart as a whole and helps WooCommerce know when the cart data changes. E81 120D (N47) SE+Dynamic Package, 2007/57, M Sports Suspension, Montego Blue, Pro HU+HiFi Speakers & Dipstick Aug 4, 2013 · I have a 2006 118d M sport, M47 engine, no DPF. Current: 2015 F36 435i M Sport Baby BMW Forum. It's fiddly and slow, and don't get it wrong. What fuel injection system does a BMW M47 have? BMW produced variants between 1998 and 2007. Jun 5, 2015 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. Jul 18, 2018 · On a 2005, I'd be extremely concerned I still had the original 'loo roll' block breather with the faulty design. Dec 29, 2014 · So I am looking to move on from my 1 series to a 3 series, but ideally I am trying to avoid the N47/57 engines due to cam chain problems. 2K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and Dec 13, 2015 · M47-tu2d20 tune. Would going n47 to m57 make things complicated. Car is only worth £3k so need to be 'sensible' with cost of repair. Dec 17, 2015 · Hi I have the 120d m47 engine. Mar 17, 2024 · 118d M47, boost leak? Jump to Latest 190 views 1 reply 2 participants Baby BMW Forum. N47 from top. Car is not pulling proper and about 3000 to 4000rpm is doing like hiccup and you feel that wants to pull more . Jump to Latest 642 views 2 replies 2 participants Baby BMW Forum. so it went in, new duplex kit fitted, a grand lighter in my pocket. The WooCommerce cookies keep track of cart data. 119 posts Baby BMW Forum. The car in question is an E91 320 as I said, build date of late 2006. In this article, we’ll compare the N47 vs. Taken the egr out and cleaned boy was it covered in crap. I come here because for months I have been trying to find a turbo upgrade for my vehicule: 118d M47 with a Mitsubishi turbo with a actuator on it (ref. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less Oct 19, 2016 · BMW 1 & 2 Series General Discussion. 3-pound weight and 8. Jump to Latest 2K views 6 replies 3 participants Baby BMW Forum. 4M posts Mar 28, 2018 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. Available from 1999, the M47D Apr 10, 2021 · to another forum where it's being given away. Oct 17, 2022 · M47 maf sensor cleaning question. It's an 2005 E87 120d M47. Jump to Latest 9K views 2 replies 2 participants Baby BMW Forum. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less Feb 27, 2022 · bmw 120d m47 163bhp ,loom and ecu advice Jump to Latest 277 views 1 reply 1 participant last post by john17 Feb 27, 2022 Jun 22, 2013 · Now-2003 E85 BMW Z4 3. 3K members Since 2004 A forum community Jun 18, 2024 · Hi All, my e90 is running like a bag of spanners. he said he was doing 4 - 5 N47's a week!!!!!. 2. 1K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. Just lately, the exhaust has started blowing from somewhere just above where the downpipe emerges from the bottom of the engine bay so, without the benefit of any means of raising the car, I can hear it but I can't see the precise location of the blow. I've been told by a BMW dealership it has the M47 engine which pleased me as I was keen to avoid the N47. Come join the discussion about Jul 6, 2018 · hi mate we brought a 123d 2008, loved it, but. So rest assured, you don’t have to worry about dropping this baby. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Mar 26, 2018 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. Aug 13, 2024 · Oil leaks in 120d M47 with new gaskets. Sep 13, 2020 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. He will do an oil change shortly but are there any major things he should be looking out for or changing. How does the hydraulic tensioner work. i don't know it has DPF and is blocked or not . p][m. 3K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to Apr 15, 2017 · E87 120d M47 Boost Hose Split Help. Same issue. 3K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to Aug 10, 2017 · 118d m47 2006 MAF sensor question. 3M posts Mar 17, 2018 · Yes they can have "dicky" chains, but if your doing 30k a year a 6pot will not suffice in my case. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less Aug 24, 2014 · Baby BMW Forum. I can get 70 mpg out of mine (2006 car) on long motorway journeys. Symptons are: VERY hard to start when engine is cold High pressure in Coolant after only a minute or less after cold start. Codes were 3F57, 3F77, 3F97, 4191 and 41A2. Furthermore, when I turn the engine off a clicking sound stays on for a quite a while after. Apr 30, 2014 · you wont have any timing chain issues on the M47, that only affects the later N47 engines. ) Mine shifts smoothly, oil was changed every 60. Sep 4, 2013 · I'm pretty sure its M47 though. Porsche 718 Cayman Jan 6, 2016 · E87 M47 120d oil change procedure. 4K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. I did mine on an old M47 and it worked. Despite now being discontinued, most BMWs on the road in Europe are powered by the N47. Dec 31, 2023 · The Kinu m47 Classic is the OG and their premium manual coffee grinder. It was succeeded by the B47 in 2014. 75″ x 7. 25″ x 2. The Kinu M47 is the epitome of premium craftsmanship in the realm of manual coffee grinders. well it hadn't been replaced, so I'm glad I bit the Jan 25, 2021 · M47 timing chain replacement doesn't need head removal. Aug 25, 2023 · Long and short answer is: yes, they are very reliable. The N47 is not such a big deal, its a better design and the guy I had sort my brothers reckoned they were unlikely to ever get sucked into the engine. The turbocharged four-cylinder in-line diesel engine of the car manufacturer BMW . It's a massive download which you can reduce by skipping the language packs you don't need. Feb 26, 2018 · Hi everyone, So after writing off my very reliable 1 Series E87 Hatch with the M47 engine last year I wanted an E82 as I love the way they look and are the perfect size, fairly easy to mod and what a perfect opportunity to get one Jun 21, 2018 · In M47 you have to change from bottom. I understand i need complete engine, loom, dde cas unit etc gearbox shorten prop etc etc. Tim Jan 25, 2020 · It had a full BMW history until 2016 when I bought it (probably with the long service intervals). i started hearing a very faint ch ch ch ch sound really faint but definitely there, took it my mechanic who confirmed what i already knew, unfortunately as I'm sure you are aware the N47 is a great lump, apart from the timing chain. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less Aug 13, 2013 · Having written to the previous company that owned the car for its first 3 years (its a March 2005 model) it was suggested that all 'stuff' would have been renewed in accordance with service instructions so the crankcase breather would have been changed to the new vortex type (due to the passing of time there was no paperwork available). A garage will probably charge a pretty penny to do it. Gave it an Italian tune on way home tonight minus the diesel cleaning fluid (heard mixed reviews) 4. the B47 in terms of horsepower, torque, power delivery, engine sound, fuel efficiency, and reliability. 3M posts 46. Come join the Aug 29, 2022 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. BMW M47. I have the same problem on my 320d E91 M47. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less Kinu M47 Build Quality and Aesthetics. Jul 14, 2019 · I am planning on picking up a pre facelift 120d quite soon, as I need something RWD again, with reasonable fuel economy and some tuning/tinkering possibilities. With such a solid build, this is the heaviest grinder in the lineup, weighing 1170g. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less The BMW M47 and Rover Group M47R are diesel straight-4 engines. 000kms, so it should be fine, but it's still a lot of mileage. As soon as you pick it up, the 2. BMW B47 Specifications: Sep 4, 2017 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. 4M posts 47. My scanner tool tells me I have between 100-180 bar when cranking. The final cookie (wp_woocommerce_session_) contains a unique code for each customer so that Oct 19, 2021 · Hi i recently bought a Bmw e87 m47( i am new with BMW) . Not the quickest but pretty reliable with one exception: once the engine exceeds 250 000km, the injection pump is a time bomb. BUT there are some points that need attention. 6K members Since 2004 A forum May 12, 2023 · 118D M47 no start (no crank) Baby BMW Forum. Feb 17, 2012 · update car has been with bmw today and confirmed my model fell in the windows for a new crankshaft. Over 100kmiles the swirl flaps can start to go but they can be blankd fairly cheaply. I would like to sort out some fault codes. Mar 17, 2019 · Hi, sorry for reopen this thread. new one: F31 N13 Msport, F48 B47 Msport. This would be my 3rd BMW, had and E36 325i as a first car, and some years later a manual E61 545i as well. Instantly forgettable, and thats the way I like it. Jul 24, 2020 · I've found various people on Instagram etc who have carried out the swap however I'm having issues with language barriers. Mar 29, 2024 · The all wheel drive BMW X3 and rear-wheel drive BMW 320d models, built approximately between September 2001 and December 2004, were fitted with the M47TÜ ("M47 Technical Update"). It appears most people have gone from m47 to m57. This is an older thread, you may not receive a response, and could be reviving an old thread. Engines. It is the 325d between 2008-2010 I am looking at, as this is the facelifted Lci shape, but apparantly 'most, but not all' have the older M57 engine still, which I'd prefer. I believe in UK it was an expensive option that almost nobody would have checked. 5k revs for 5 miles home. You will probably end up dumping some coolant, so think about what it'll be leaking on to! Background. Jul 1, 2021 · 408 posts · Joined 2017. Jump to Latest 1K views 1 reply 2 participants Baby BMW Forum. Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk . The M47 was replaced by BMW’s N47 engine. Jump to Latest Jul 4, 2018 · I have seen or heard of an M47 with failed valve stem oil seals. Mar 7, 2016 · Great, thanks for the feedback - on that basis I probably wouldn't suspect that my EGR 'stat has failed, as bypassing the main thermostat would significantly extend warmup - whereas in my case I see a rapid, logarithmic temperature rise that then plateaus at too-low a value (like a stat that is opening too-early). 136hp with rotary injection pump. One thing worth checking is that your sump isn't over-filled above the max mark, as this will increase the amount of oil chucked into the vent system and make life more Mar 23, 2022 · A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. I get faultcode 4b90 insufficient rail pressure on start up. 0i SE Sapphire Black, Red Leather, Z4M wheels, Logic 7, Xenons, PDC Gone-2010 E81 BMW 123D MSport Sapphire Black,Black heated Leather, 208 Wheels, Comfort Pack, Extended Storage, BMWP Grilles, Alpine Retrofit, Front & Rear PDC. The faulty 2005 version clogs, causes huge block pressure (oil spews out everywhere) and then your expensive turbo dies due to oil back pressure. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Show Less Sep 16, 2017 · 2006 E87 118d M47 Brake vacuum problems. (I have no history on this car myself so don't know when the problem started and if there is a correlation) First the cold start problem: Oct 25, 2021 · Hello everyone, my name is Sasa, i am from Montenegro I have problem with my bmw, it has some strange engine noise, like whining, car have 230 000km on clock, removed flaps, egr software deleted and blanked, new corteco crankshaft pulley and downpipe made by myself, i remove all belts, so no consumers on crankshaft, no ac, water pump, alternator etc, and sound is still there, car have new Jun 26, 2022 · 10 E82 123D M sport most powerful 2. Like. Help Needed . There's 2 versions of this engine which changed early 2001 iirc. May 10, 2013 · What year was your 120d made? depending on whether you have the vacuum operated Garret Turbo or the electronic controlled Mitsubishi turbo is really what you need to look into to determine how much power/torque you can make with your M47 engine. The Classic has a full metal body, with the only plastic components being the knob and thumb stopper. Baby BMW Forum. Jan 5, 2013 · Hi Eddy, I would also consider ecotune for this sort of work, their DPF delete kits are highly recommended on here and other BMW forums. But from where? Any advice much appreciated. Some may say go older and get the M47, yes it was a good old engine, but the key word here is "old" lot of other things can rear its head with age related issues - always buy as new as you can! Dec 31, 2021 · I didnt think the M47 generally came fitted with a DPF. I've added injector cleaner, done an oil flush and an oil and filter change. Its not a difficult job but you will need blanking plates, either bought or homemade. No warning lights, dash lights etc. Its a 2006 120d M47 with 98k and fsh. 2K members Since 2004 A forum community dedicated to all 1 and 2 series BMW owners and enthusiasts. Mar 19, 2021 · My BMW is giving me sleepless nights. A recon turbo with warranty might be cheaper than brand new from BMW etc. I'll upload few photos in a minute. Oct 26, 2016 · The M47 was a much worse design than the N47 and its highly recommended to remove the swirl flaps ASAP. I've used ecotune to great effect on my 120d with the achievements in my signature, although I am using the older M47 engine compared to you The BMW N47 engine was first introduced in 2007 and is a 2. BMW N47 vs. P. one cannot rely on a UK 51 plate registered BMW 320d to have the Oct 17, 2023 · Hey. There was also a version of this engine with the index M47R for Rover and Land Rover cars. BMW M47 Engine (1999-07) 30/01/2021. 3M posts Sep 21, 2014 · The kit so far: Garrett GT2056 turbo an actuator. tjgnegljvtncycxhcmltwzogdimzoxmqfqimprfkcalqekhd